The prince offered no explanation for the
disappearance of pubs, small shops and post offices other than foot and
mouth disease and a few meanderings about rural decline. A more detailed
analysis may have troubled his audience, for among the members of Business
in the Community are the companies most responsible for destroying small
business and undermining communities: Tesco, Safeway, Asda, Granada,
Barclays, Shell, BP, McDonald's, Diageo and Whitbread.
Asked about his own company's role in the death of rural industry, Sir Peter
pointed out that Sainsbury's has generously allowed independent village
shops to stock its own products. He forgot to add that the shopkeepers must
buy from his stores at the full retail price. This convenient arrangement
permits Sainsbury's to seize the remainder of the retail trade without even
having to open new shops. Blessed are the cheesemakers, but not in Britain.
The superstores, with the prince's blundering assistance, are now doing to
the countryside what they have already begun to do to the cities. Three
weeks ago, an article in the Guardian's Society section suggested that Tesco
has saved the Seacroft estate in Leeds. The estate's inhabitants were short
of both jobs and skills. Tesco arrived, built a huge store, trained local
people to work there, and created 490 new jobs. Now it will use this model
to rescue another 11 depressed estates.
Training local people is clearly more progressive than drawing pre-skilled
labor from elsewhere, but the notion that the superstores create jobs is one
of those myths so well-established that it can't be dispelled however many
times it's discredited. The superstores' own figures show that every major
new store destroys, on average, a net 276 jobs. One of the reasons why
estates like Seacroft suffer so badly from unemployment is that for years
the supermarkets have been drawing away the more prosperous shoppers (those
who own cars), undermining local business.
While small businesses tend to spend their profits locally, Tesco removes
them from the community. When Tesco secures a monopoly on trade within a
poor estate, it reduces the inhabitants to the very dependency regeneration
is supposed to address. The Citizens' Organizing Foundation has shown that
superstores in poor areas charge more for the same goods than in rich
places, as shoppers without cars have nowhere else to go. A far better
regeneration strategy for Seacroft would have been to shut the existing
superstores, rather than opening a new one.
But this pax tescona is slowly coming to dominate national life. Just before
the G8 summit in Genoa, the marketing consultant Steve Hilton made a film
for Channel 4 News showing how companies have begun to fill the gaps left by
state provision. Nike has launched a campaign against bullying in schools.
Coca-Cola is teaching Africans about the dangers of HIV. A McDonald's
manager is organizing community events. Mr Hilton argues that government has
neither the resources nor the will to run projects like this, while
corporations have the money, the creativity and the organizational skills
communities lack.
His argument is seductive until you remember that, like Tesco in Leeds,
these companies are partly responsible for causing the problems they claim
to be solving. Nike's power ensures that children are bullied at both ends
of the production chain: in the factories in which its products are made and
in the playgrounds, when their parents can't afford to pay for these
passports to social acceptance. Coke may be spreading the news about
disease, but it is also spreading disease, bringing tooth decay to parts of
the world in which it was almost unknown. McDonald's has undermined
communities everywhere, wiping out its smaller rivals and homogenizing high
streets.
Last year's winner of Business in the Community's "cause-related marketing
award" was the Free Books for Schools scheme run by Walker's crisps with the
Sun and the News of the World. The principal outcome of this literacy
campaign was to spread illiteracy by increasing sales of the Sun. But these
are the least of the problems associated with the corporate capture of the
public good.
If the state is failing to supply enough school books, or, in sub-Saharan
Africa, Aids education programs, it's because decades of corporate lobbying
have ensured that its scope and its spending have been curtailed. As
companies appear to fill the gaps they have helped to create, they can
present themselves as indispensable vehicles for social provision, enabling
them to argue for a further reduction in state services. Gradually,
universal public provision gives way not, as Steve Hilton claims, to a new
inclusive modernity, but to an old-fashioned philanthropy, in which the
survival of the poor depends upon the whims of the rich.
As the Business in the Community website reveals, the primary purpose of
these new intrusions upon the public realm is not to make the world a better
place, but to raise the profile of the brand. Cause-related marketing is a
privatization of our minds, a means of reaching those parts of our
consciousness untouched by conventional advertising.
Nike is working in schools not because its directors want to stop bullying,
but because it wants children to recognize its brand as an immutable
component of society, with which they will grow up and to which they will
attach their identity. Asda is taking parties of schoolchildren on "Big Eat
trails" around its stores not because, as it claims, it is worried that
children aren't eating enough vitamins, but because it wants to implant in
them the habit of shopping at Asda. Programs ostensibly designed to
encourage self-reliance are instead contrived to foster dependency and
control.
The defeated participate in their conquest, and offer up their thanks to
those who have dispossessed them. By privatizating our minds, corporate
power makes enemies of ourselves.